Abstract This study aimed to explore the influences of cobalt-sourced irradiation on the meat quality and storage stability of Procambarus clarkii. Pieces of tail meat of P. clarkii were processed, boiled, and packed in transparentretort pouchs and then exposed to 60Co-γ-ray (0, 1.25, 3.32, 5.30, and 7.24 kGy). Changes in meat indices such as pH, total plate count, and total volatile base-nitrogen (TVB-N), texture properties, were investigated. After irradiation at the optimum irradiation dose, crayfish meats was stored at 0, 4 and 8 °C respectively, samples were collected for determinations at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. With increased irradiation dose, the total plate count in meat significantly decreased, whereas TVB-N greatly increased (P < 0.05). The irradiation dose of 3.32 kGy can realize both sterilization effect and maintain the quality of crayfish meat to the maximum extent. Total plate count and TVB-N in crayfish meat slowly grew at a storage temperature of 0 °C, their contents reached or approached the edible threshold by 9th day of storage, thereby prolonging the shelf life to 9d. Research demonstrates that 3.32 kGy cobalt-sourced irradiation and 0 °C storage can provide some bacteriostasis to some extent and prolong the shelf life of boiled crayfish.

Abstract The ingredients in fruit and vegetable enzymes are not only medicine and food for relieving constipation but also rich in dietary fiber. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of panax notoginseng stem, leaf tea combined with panaxnotoginseng fruit, vegetable enzyme, and probiotic powder for functional constipation. Patients with functional constipation had been recruited and been randomly divided into the lactulose intervention group and probiotic intervention group. In the probiotic intervention group, patients received panaxnotoginseng stem and leaf tea + Panaxnotoginseng fruit and vegetable enzyme+probiotic powder, once a day. In the lactulose intervention group, patients received normal drug treatment for 2 weeks. Both probiotics intervention and lactulose intervention can improve the fecal quality of patients with constipation. Probiotics group can lead to an increase in the proportion of diarrhea in patients with constipation. Both probiotics and lactulose can significantly increase the levels of blood SP and GAS and decrease the level of MTL in patients with constipation. Both probiotics intervention and lactulose intervention can improve the quality of life of patients with constipation and the fecal quality of patients with constipation. Probiotics group can lead to an increase in the proportion of diarrhea in patients with constipation.

Abstract Spices play an important role in the formation of stewed meat flavor, and it is necessary to establish a rapid detection technology for flavor in stewed meat production. The aim of this work was to discover the variation of volatiles from Cinnamomum cassia Presl in different processing processes and to establish a real-time detection method during processing. The relative content of volatile components of Cinnamomum cassia Presl from powder to extract and from extract to beef was compared in different processes. The volatile compounds were analyzed by headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). A total of 20 components were detected in the cinnamon powder. In the marinade processing, the most volatile components was detected in marinade when marinating for 1 hour, such as cinnamic acid(4.39%), cinnamaldehyde (46.57%), anethole(8.05%), α-pinene(7.38%), naphthalene,1,2,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-(0.93%), α-muurolene(8.99%), naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1S-cis)-(20.31%), naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-(3.03%) and α-calacorene(0.35%). In the bittern processing, the flavor components in the bittern when cooking for 15 minutes were the most and 7 components were detected which were cinnnamic acid(3.69%), cinnamaldehyde(70.67%), anethole(4.37%), α-pinene(1.62%), α-muurolene(3.69%), naphthalene,1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-, (1S-cis)-(14.17%) and naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,7-hexahydro-1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-(1.79%). The relative content of the volatile components in two bittern were slightly different. In two processes, only cinnamaldehyde was detected in the stewed beef, where a small amount of α-pinene was detected when marinating for 1 hour and bitterning for 45 minutes. Cinnamaldehyde can be used as the main indicator for the detection of processing. HS-GC-MS can be used as a real-time detection method in the marinade and bittern processing.

Abstract Study on the effects and mechanisms of different oils on spatial learning and memory in developing rats. Fifty-six Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with primary weaning were randomly divided into the 7 groups, DHA, walnut oil, perilla oil, safflower seed oil, α-linoleic acid, and Essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient and negative control. Morris water maze behavioral test was performed after 8 weeks of continuous feeding. Real-time fluorescence quantification and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate changes in the expression of NR1, CREB and c-Fos in rat hippocampus, qPCR detected the expression in hippocampal cells. The results showed that the rats fed various oils significant improvement in the Morris water maze test. The mRNA expression of NR1, CREB and c-Fos in the hippocampus of rats fed with various oils were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05 and P<0.01), and CREB and c-Fos proteins expression were up-regulated (P<0.05). The expression of genes and proteins in hippocampus of EFA-deficient control was not significantly different from negative control. It is suggested that polyunsaturated fatty acids could significantly improve the learning and memory ability of rats, which may be through regulating the mRNA expression of cfos, CREB and NR1 in rat hippocampus and the synthesis of CREB and c-Fos proteins.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic value of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), and determine a possible association with the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and myocardial injury. METHODS: Overall, 61 cases of preterm infants with FIRS were divided into the FIRS group 1 (≤32 weeks) and FIRS group 2 (32 to 37 weeks). Similarly, 57 cases of normal preterm infants were divided into Control group 1 and Control group 2. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), MMP-9, and TIMP-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Spearman’s linear correlation was used to analyze the relationship between dependent variables. Pathological changes were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and in amniotic fluid smears. RESULTS: Levels of IL-6, MMP-9, and TIMP-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were significantly higher in the FIRS group than in the Control groups. IL-6 was positively correlated with MMP-9, TIMP-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio. Areas under the curve (AUC) of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were 0.92, 0.90, and 0.95, respectively. HE staining and amniotic fluid smears showed the aggregation of inflammatory cells. MMP-9, TIMP-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio were closely related to the incidence of BPD (≤32 weeks) and myocardial injury (<37 weeks) in preterm infants. CONCLUSION: MMP-9, TIMP-1, and the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio revealed a certain diagnostic value for FIRS; combined with gestational age, these parameters were effective for predicting cardiopulmonary injury.

Objective: to assess the relationship between serums vitamin D level and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children. Methods: the following electronic databases were searched until Sep 2014 to identify relevant studies that assessed the relationship between serum vitamin D with T1DM: PubMed\EMbase\Medline\Central Register of Controlled Trials\CBM\Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI)\wangfang; The NOS scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies, and the statistical tests were performed by Stata 11.0 software. Result: a total of 10 studies were included in this study. Our results showed that serum vitamin D was significantly lower in children with T1DM than in healthy controls (MD = -0.60, P < 0.05). No evidence support publication bias in present study. Conclusion: the meta-analysis suggests that serum vitamin D level is associated with T1DM in children.

Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre sueros de vitamina D y la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (T1DM) en niños. Métodos: fueron utilizadas las siguientes bases de datos electrónicas hasta septiembre de 2014 para identificar los estudios que evaluaron la relación entre la vitamina D y la T1DM: PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Central Register of Controlled Trials, CBM, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), wangfang; las enmiendas a la escala se utilizan para evaluar la calidad de los estudios, y los ensayos estadísticos fueron realizados mediante el software Stata 11.0. Resultado: fueron incluidos un total de 10 estudios. Nuestros resultados mostraron que los niveles séricos de vitamina D fueron significativamente menores en los niños con T1DM que en los controles sanos (MD = -0,60, P < 0,05). No hay evidencia de sesgo de publicación en el presente estudio. Conclusión: el metaanálisis sugiere que la vitamina D está asociada con la T1DM en niños.

Different aluminum concentrations (5, 50, and 100 μM), as well as different exposure times (24, 48, and 72 h), were applied to investigate cytogenetical alterations in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) meristem cells. Nucleolin was also examined under aluminum stress using silver-staining method and indirect immunofluorescent method. Results showed that the mitotic index decreased progressively when either aluminum concentration or exposure time increased. C-mitosis, anaphase bridges, and chromosome stickiness were observed in the aluminum treated root tip cells. Some particulates containing the argyrophilic NOR-associated proteins were distributed in the nucleus of the root-tip cells, and the amount of this particulate material progressively increased with increasing exposure time. Finally, the nucleolar material was extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The result also indicated the nucleolar protein nucleolin was translocated from nucleolus to nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, that presence of 50 μM of aluminum for 48 h, suggesting that aluminum disturbed rRNA synthesis and induced the abnormal cellular location of nucleolar protein. The strongly toxic effect of aluminum on the nucleolus can inhibit or stop mitosis, and consequently inhibit root growth.

Diferentes concentraciones de aluminio (5, 50 y 100 μM) y diferentes tiempos de exposición (24, 48 y 72 h) se aplicaron a células meristemáticas de girasol (Helianthus annuus L.), para investigar las alteraciones citogenéticas, en particular, dilucidar sobre la nucleolina. La nucleolina fue estudiada bajo el estrés por aluminio, utilizando el método de tinción con plata y el método de inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Los resultados mostraron que el índice mitótico disminuyó progresivamente a medida que aumentó la concentración de aluminio o el tiempo de exposición. Se observaron C-mitosis, puentes en la anafase y rigidez en los cromosomas en todas las células de la punta de la raíz tratadas con aluminio. Algunas partículas contienen argirófilas NOR asociadas a proteínas distribuidas en el núcleo de las células del ápice de la raíz. La cantidad de este material granulado aumentó progresivamente a medida que aumentó el tiempo de exposición. Finalmente, el material nucleolar se expulsó desde el núcleo hacia el citoplasma. El resultado también indica que, en presencia de 50 μM de aluminio por 48 h, la proteína nucleolina se transloca desde el nucleolo al nucleoplasma y citoplasma, lo que sugiere que el aluminio altera la síntesis de ARNr e induce la localización celular anormal de la proteína nucleolar. El fuerte efecto tóxico de aluminio en el nucléolo puede inhibir o detener la mitosis, y por consiguiente, inhibir el crecimiento de la raíz.

BACKGROUND: We present a case of recurrent loss of consciousness, which was finally accurately diagnosed as late dumping syndrome twelve years after subtotal gastrectomy and successfully treated with acarbose. A 66-year old lean male was found unconscious repeatedly within one year. Oral glucose tolerance tests performed before and after acarbose treatment verified the diagnosis of late dumping syndrome. Acarbose can be used as a successful treatment modality for reactive hypoglycaemia due to late dumping syndrome by influencing the release of hormone.

ANTECEDENTES: Presentamos un caso de pérdida recurrente de conciencia, que fue finalmente diagnosticado con precisión como síndrome de dumping tardío, doce años después de la gastrectomía subtotal, y tratado con éxito con acarbosa. Un hombre magro de 66 años de edad fue encontrado inconsciente repetidas veces en un año. Las pruebas orales de tolerancia a la glucosa realizadas antes y después del tratamiento con acarbosa verificaron el diagnóstico de síndrome de dumping tardío. La acarbosa puede utilizarse como una modalidad de tratamiento acertado para la hipoglicemia reactiva debido al síndrome de dumping tardío por la influencia en la liberación de hormonas.